Improvement in EoL sorting technologies and implementation of designs for recycling/disassembly at the manufacturing phase are needed. Results indicated the importance of recovery of these elements in recycling policies for end-of-life (EoL) vehicles and constructions. This study combined a waste input-output material flow model and physical unit input-output analysis to perform a simultaneous MFA for nickel, chromium, and molybdenum in the Japanese economy in 2000. Flows of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum are interconnected, but MFAs have paid little attention to the interconnected flow of materials/substances in supply chains. Material flow analyses (MFAs) indicate the importance of steel recycling to recovery of alloying elements. Knowledge about alloying element substance flow is needed to avoid such losses. However, open-loop recycling of steel could result in quality loss of nickel and molybdenum and/or material loss of chromium. Steel recycling is expected to promote efficient resource use. Steel is not elemental iron but rather a group of iron-based alloys containing many elements, especially chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. Nakajima, Kenichi Ohno, Hajime Kondo, Yasushi Matsubae, Kazuyo Takeda, Osamu Miki, Takahiro Nakamura, Shinichiro Nagasaka, Tetsuya Simultaneous material flow analysis of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum used in alloy steel by means of input-output analysis. Examples of these models are provided along with a discussion of uncertainty and extensions to these models. The resulting model provides the capabilities of both material flow and input-output models, with detailed material tracking through entire supply chains in response to any monetary or material demand. Geological Survey in the formulation of illustrative mixed-unit input-output models for lead and cadmium. ![]() Bureau of Economic Analysis is augmented with material flow data derived from those published by the U.S. A 13 by 13 economic input-output direct requirements matrix developed by the U.S. We combine these two types of models to create a mixed-unit input-output model that is able to bettertrack economic transactions and material flows throughout the economy associated with changes in production. Economic input-output modeling has been used for environmental systems analysis, with a primary benefit being the capability to estimate direct and indirect economic and environmental impacts across the entire supply chain of production in an economy. Materials flow analysis models have traditionally been used to track the production, use, and consumption of materials. ![]() ![]() Hawkins, Troy Hendrickson, Chris Higgins, Cortney Matthews, H Scott Suh, Sangwon A mixed-unit input-output model for environmental life-cycle assessment and material flow analysis.
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